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18
15 N, 77 30 W
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Click on
Jamaica for a larger Map |
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Jamaica
- 2 |
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Click on
a Map to enlarge - click on Kingston for a detailed Map |
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Jamaica
- 3 |
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Click on
a Map to enlarge - click on Kingston for a detailed Map |
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Kingston |
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Click on
Kingston and learn more about the City
Kliknite na Kingston in ga spoznajte
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Kingston
- 2 |
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Background:
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Jamaica
gained full independence within the British Commonwealth in
1962. Deteriorating economic conditions during the 1970s led
to recurrent violence and a drop-off in tourism. Elections in
1980 saw the democratic socialists voted out of office.
Subsequent governments have been open market oriented.
Political violence marred elections during the 1990s. |
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Location:
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Caribbean,
island in the Caribbean Sea, south of Cuba |
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Geographic
coordinates:
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18
15 N, 77 30 W |
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Map
references:
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Central
America and the Caribbean |
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Area:
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total:
10,991 sq km
land: 10,831 sq km
water: 160 sq km |
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Area -
comparative:
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slightly
smaller than Connecticut |
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Land
boundaries:
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0
km |
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Coastline:
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1,022
km |
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Maritime
claims:
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measured
from claimed archipelagic baselines
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
continental shelf: 200 NM or to edge of the continental
margin
contiguous zone: 24 NM |
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Climate:
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tropical;
hot, humid; temperate interior |
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Terrain:
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mostly
mountains, with narrow, discontinuous coastal plain |
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Elevation
extremes:
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lowest
point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
highest point: Blue Mountain Peak 2,256 m |
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Natural
resources:
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bauxite,
gypsum, limestone |
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Land use:
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arable
land: 16%
permanent crops: 9%
other: 75% (1998 est.) |
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Irrigated
land:
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250
sq km (1998 est.) |
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Natural
hazards:
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hurricanes
(especially July to November) |
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Environment
- current issues:
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heavy
rates of deforestation; coastal waters polluted by industrial
waste, sewage, and oil spills; damage to coral reefs; air
pollution in Kingston results from vehicle emissions |
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Environment
- international agreements:
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party
to: Biodiversity, Climate Change,
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered
Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life
Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship
Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected
agreements |
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Geography -
note:
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strategic
location between Cayman Trench and Jamaica Channel, the main
sea lanes for the Panama Canal |
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Population:
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2,680,029
(July 2002 est.) |
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Age
structure:
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0-14
years: 29.1% (male 399,249; female
380,864)
15-64 years: 64.1% (male 858,433; female 859,174)
65 years and over: 6.8% (male 81,321; female 100,988)
(2002 est.) |
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Population
growth rate:
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0.56%
(2002 est.) |
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Birth rate:
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17.74
births/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
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Death rate:
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5.45
deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
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Net
migration rate:
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-6.65
migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
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Sex ratio:
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at
birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.81 male(s)/female
total population: 1 male(s)/female (2002 est.) |
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Infant
mortality rate:
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13.71
deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) |
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Life
expectancy at birth:
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total
population: 75.64 years
female: 77.73 years (2002 est.)
male: 73.65 years |
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Total
fertility rate:
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2.05
children born/woman (2002 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS -
adult prevalence rate:
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0.71%
(1999 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS -
people living with HIV/AIDS:
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9,900
(1999 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS -
deaths:
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650
(1999 est.) |
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Nationality:
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noun:
Jamaican(s)
adjective: Jamaican |
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Ethnic
groups:
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black
90.9%, East Indian 1.3%, white 0.2%, Chinese 0.2%, mixed 7.3%,
other 0.1% |
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Religions:
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Protestant
61.3% (Church of God 21.2%, Baptist 8.8%, Anglican 5.5%,
Seventh-Day Adventist 9%, Pentecostal 7.6%, Methodist 2.7%,
United Church 2.7%, Brethren 1.1%, Jehovah's Witness 1.6%,
Moravian 1.1%), Roman Catholic 4%, other, including some
spiritual cults 34.7% |
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Languages:
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English,
patois English |
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Literacy:
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definition:
age 15 and over has ever attended school
total population: 85%
male: 80.8%
female: 89.1% (1995 est.) |
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Country
name:
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conventional
long form: none
conventional short form: Jamaica |
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Government
type:
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constitutional
parliamentary democracy |
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Capital:
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Kingston |
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Administrative
divisions:
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14
parishes; Clarendon, Hanover, Kingston, Manchester, Portland,
Saint Andrew, Saint Ann, Saint Catherine, Saint Elizabeth,
Saint James, Saint Mary, Saint Thomas, Trelawny, Westmoreland |
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Independence:
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6
August 1962 (from UK) |
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National
holiday:
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Independence
Day, first Monday in August (1962) |
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Constitution:
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6
August 1962 |
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Legal
system:
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based
on English common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction |
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Suffrage:
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18
years of age; universal |
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Executive
branch:
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chief
of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since
6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Sir Howard
Felix COOKE (since 1 August 1991)
head of government: Prime Minister Percival James
PATTERSON (since 30 March 1992) and Deputy Prime Minister
Seymour MULLINGS (since NA 1993)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the governor general on
the advice of the prime minister
elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor
general appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the
prime minister; prime minister and deputy prime minister
appointed by the governor general |
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Legislative
branch:
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bicameral
Parliament consists of the Senate (a 21-member body appointed
by the governor general on the recommendations of the prime
minister and the leader of the opposition; ruling party is
allocated 13 seats, and the opposition is allocated eight
seats) and the House of Representatives (60 seats; members are
elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 18 December 1997 (next to be held
by March 2002)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats
by party - PNP 50, JLP 10 |
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Judicial
branch:
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Supreme
Court (judges appointed by the governor general on the advice
of the prime minister); Court of Appeal |
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Political
parties and leaders:
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Jamaica
Labor Party or JLP [Edward SEAGA]; National Democratic
Movement or NDM [Bruce GOLDING]; People's National Party or
PNP [Percival James PATTERSON] |
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Political
pressure groups and leaders:
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New
Beginnings Movement or NBM; Rastafarians (black
religious/racial cultists, pan-Africanists) |
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International
organization participation:
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ACP,
C, Caricom, CCC, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-15, G-19, G-77, IADB,
IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO,
IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, LAES, NAM,
OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO,
WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO |
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Diplomatic
representation in the US:
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chief
of mission: Ambassador Seymour
MULLINGS
consulate(s) general: Miami and New York
FAX: [1] (202) 452-0081
telephone: [1] (202) 452-0660
chancery: 1520 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC
20036 |
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Diplomatic
representation from the US:
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chief
of mission: Ambassador Sue McCourt
COBB
embassy: Jamaica Mutual Life Center, 2 Oxford Road, 3rd
floor, Kingston 5
mailing address: use embassy street address
telephone: [1] (876) 929-4850 through 4859
FAX: [1] (876) 926-6743 |
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Flag
description:
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diagonal
yellow cross divides the flag into four triangles - green (top
and bottom) and black (hoist side and outer side) |
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Economy -
overview:
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The
economy, which depends heavily on tourism and bauxite, has
been stagnant since 1995. After five years of recession, the
economy grew 0.8% in 2000 and 1.1% in 2001, but the global
economic slowdown, particularly in the United States after the
11 September terrorist attacks, has stunted the economic
recovery. Serious problems include: high interest rates;
increased foreign competition; a pressured, sometimes sliding,
exchange rate; a widening merchandise trade deficit; and a
growing internal debt, the result of government bailouts to
various ailing sectors of the economy, particularly the
financial sector. Depressed economic conditions have led to
increased civil unrest, including a mounting crime rate.
Jamaica's medium-term prospects will depend upon encouraging
investment, maintaining a competitive exchange rate, selling
off reacquired firms, and implementing proper fiscal and
monetary policies. |
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GDP:
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purchasing
power parity - $9.8 billion (2001 est.) |
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GDP - real
growth rate:
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1.1%
(2001 est.) |
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GDP - per
capita:
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purchasing
power parity - $3,700 (2001 est.) |
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GDP -
composition by sector:
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agriculture:
7%
industry: 28%
services: 65% (2000 est.) |
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Population
below poverty line:
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34.2%
(1992 est.) |
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Household
income or consumption by percentage share:
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lowest
10%: 2.9%
highest 10%: 28.9% (1996) |
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Distribution
of family income - Gini index:
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36.4
(1996) |
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Inflation
rate (consumer prices):
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6.9%
(2001 est.) |
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Labor force:
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1.13
million (1998) |
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Labor force
- by occupation:
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services
60%, agriculture 21%, industry 19% (1998) |
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Unemployment
rate:
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16%
(2000 est.) |
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Budget:
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revenues:
$2.23 billion
expenditures: $2.56 billion, including capital
expenditures of $232.5 million (FY99/00 est.) |
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Industries:
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tourism,
bauxite, textiles, food processing, light manufactures, rum,
cement, metal, paper, chemical products |
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Industrial
production growth rate:
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-2%
(2000 est.) |
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Electricity
- production:
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6.74
billion kWh (2000) |
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Electricity
- production by source:
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fossil
fuel: 89.44%
hydro: 3.22%
other: 7.34% (2000)
nuclear: 0% |
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Electricity
- consumption:
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6.27
billion kWh (2000) |
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Electricity
- exports:
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0
kWh (2000) |
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Electricity
- imports:
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0
kWh (2000) |
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Agriculture
- products:
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sugarcane,
bananas, coffee, citrus, potatoes, vegetables; poultry, goats,
milk |
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Exports:
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$1.6
billion (f.o.b., 2001 est.) |
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Exports -
commodities:
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alumina,
bauxite; sugar, bananas, rum |
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Exports -
partners:
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US
35.7%, EU (excluding UK) 15.9%, UK 13%, Canada 10.5% (1999) |
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Imports:
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$3.1
billion (f.o.b., 2001 est.) |
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Imports -
commodities:
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machinery
and transport equipment, construction materials, fuel, food,
chemicals, fertilizers |
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Imports -
partners:
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US
47.8%, Caricom countries 12.4%, Latin America 7.2%, EU
(excluding UK) 4.7% (1999) |
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Debt -
external:
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$5.2
billion (2001 est.) |
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Economic aid
- recipient:
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$102.7
million (1995) |
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Currency:
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Jamaican
dollar (JMD) |
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Currency
code:
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JMD |
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Exchange
rates:
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Jamaican
dollars per US dollar - 47.277 (December 2001), 45.996 (2001),
42.701 (2000), 39.044 (1999), 36.550 (1998), 35.404 (1997) |
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Fiscal year:
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1
April - 31 March |
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Telephones -
main lines in use:
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353,000
(1996) |
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Telephones -
mobile cellular:
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54,640
(1996) |
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Telephone
system:
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general
assessment: fully automatic domestic
telephone network
domestic: NA
international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat
(Atlantic Ocean); 3 coaxial submarine cables |
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Radio
broadcast stations:
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AM
10, FM 13, shortwave 0 (1998) |
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Radios:
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1.215
million (1997) |
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Television
broadcast stations:
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7
(1997) |
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Televisions:
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460,000
(1997) |
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Internet
country code:
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.jm |
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Internet
Service Providers (ISPs):
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21
(2000) |
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Internet
users:
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60,000
(2000) |
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Railways:
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total:
272 km
standard gauge: 272 km 1.435-m gauge; note - 207 km,
belonging to the Jamaica Railway Corporation, were in common
carrier service but are no longer operational; the remaining
track is privately owned and used to transport bauxite (2000) |
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Highways:
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total:
19,000 km
paved: 13,433 km
unpaved: 5,567 km (1997) |
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Waterways:
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none |
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Pipelines:
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petroleum
products 10 km |
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Ports and
harbors:
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Alligator
Pond, Discovery Bay, Kingston, Montego Bay, Ocho Rios, Port
Antonio, Rocky Point, Port Esquivel (Longswharf) |
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Merchant
marine:
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total:
1 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 21,954 GRT/25,250 DWT
ships by type: petroleum tanker 1, includes some
foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience:
Latvia 2, United States 2 (2002 est.) |
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Airports:
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35
(2001) |
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Airports -
with paved runways:
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total:
11
2,438 to 3,047 m: 2
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 3
under 914 m: 5 (2001) |
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Airports -
with unpaved runways:
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total:
24
914 to 1,523 m: 2
under 914 m: 22 (2001) |
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Military
branches:
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Jamaica
Defense Force (including Ground Forces, Coast Guard, and Air
Wing), Jamaica Constabulary Force |
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Military
manpower - military age:
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18
years of age (2002 est.) |
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Military
manpower - availability:
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males
age 15-49: 747,043 (2002 est.) |
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Military
manpower - fit for military service:
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males
age 15-49: 523,550 (2002 est.) |
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Military
manpower - reaching military age annually:
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males:
27,729 (2002 est.) |
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Military
expenditures - dollar figure:
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$30
million (FY95/96 est.) |
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Military
expenditures - percent of GDP:
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NA% |
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Disputes -
international:
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none |
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Illicit
drugs:
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major
transshipment point for cocaine from South America to North
America and Europe; illicit cultivation of cannabis;
government has an active manual cannabis eradication program;
corruption is a major concern |
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| Jamaica
National Anthem - Himna Jamajke |
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Jamaica
National Anthem (popular version)
Eternal
Father, Bless our Land,
Guide
us with thy mighty
hand,
Keep us free from evil powers,
Be our
light through countless hours,
To our leaders, great defender,
Grant true wisdom from above,
Justice, truth be ours forever,
Jamaica, land we love,
Jamaica, Jamaica, Jamaica, land we love
Teach us true respect for all,
Stir response to duty's call,
Strengthen us the weak to cherish,
Give us vision lest we perish,
Knowledge send us Heavenly Father,
Grant true wisdom from above,
Justice, truth be ours forever,
Jamaica, land we love,
Jamaica, Jamaica, Jamaica, land we love |
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Jamaica
National Anthem (original version - changes in red)
Eternal
Father, Bless our Land,
Guard
us with thy mighty hand,
Keep us free from evil powers,
Be our light through countless hours,
To our leaders, great defender,
Grant true wisdom from above,
Justice, truth be ours forever,
Jamaica, land we love,
Jamaica, Jamaica, Jamaica, land we love
Teach us true respect for all,
Stir response to duty's call,
Strengthen us the weak to cherish,
Give us vision lest we perish,
Knowledge send us Heavenly Father,
Grant true wisdom from above,
Justice, truth be ours forever,
Jamaica, land we love,
Jamaica, Jamaica, Jamaica, land we love |
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- free transcription
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Večni
Oče, blagoslovi našo zemljo
vodi
(varuj) nas s svojo vsemogočno roko.
varuj
nas pred zlimi silami.
Bodi
naša luč skozi neštete ure,
našim
voditeljem pa bodi v bran,
podari
nam modrost od zgoraj,
naj
pravica in resnica bosta vedno z nami.
Jamajka,
dežela, ki jo ljubimo,
Jamajka,
Jamajka, Jamajka, dežela, ki jo ljubimo.
Nauči
nas spoštovati vsakogar,
odzvati
se na klic dolžnosti,
nauči
nas nemočne častiti,
vlij
nam upanja preden obupamo.
Znanja
nam daj Nebeški Oče,
podari
nam modrost od zgoraj,
naj
pravica in resnica bosta vedno z nami.
Jamajka,
dežela, ki jo ljubimo,
Jamajka,
Jamajka, Jamajka, dežela, ki jo ljubimo. |
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